2016考研英语阅读技巧：精读与略读

周名希

考研英语阅读部分的分值占到总分的40%，所以毫无疑问应当是我们最应该重视的环节。鉴于考场上做题时间有限，因此掌握技巧，加快速度是提升阅读分数的一个重要途径。然而阅读中如何做到既准确又高效呢？今天老师就给大家介绍一下精读和略读的原则。

　　我们都知道，考研英语的文章多为议论文，多来源于西方的报刊杂志，比如《卫报》，《自然》，《新科学家》等。这类文章通常是关于社会生活，科教文卫，政治经济方面的，比较科学，严谨的文章。这种文章论述的展开通常要围绕着一个中心观点或核心事物。所以我们要真正读懂一篇文章势必要抓住其中心主旨，也就是要找到主旨句。从重要性上来说，主旨句的的重要性远远大于其他解释内容或例证内容。所以对于我们读文章来说，显然主旨句是最重要的，是需要重点精读的。

　　那怎样去判断哪些主旨句呢?首先，从位置上来说，主题句常常在文章开头的第一段或第二段提出，且常是段首句或转折句。其次，从句子长度来说通常主题句比较简短。所以说，文章中需要重点精读的内容为：段首句，转折句，以及定位句。

　　相对而言，文章中举例或引用的东西就可以略读，这些内容中往往包含一些时间、数据、人名、地名、机构名称之类的信息。在比如一些有关职务、头衔、社会地位等补充性说明信息（通常这些信息是出现在人名，机构名词之后的定语或同位语）。以1999年text5为例，如果把精读的内容用下划线标示出来，那么结果如下：

　　Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.（精读） Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.（略读）

　　How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything.（精读） He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.

　　掌握了精读和略读的方法，就可以大大减少阅读量，从而把更多的时间放在解读关键内容上。而考研英语文章在出题时也往往和这些需要精读的内容有关，而极少涉及略读部分的内容，所以精读如果做到位，很多答案都可以毫不费力的做出来了，同学们不妨一试，老师伴你一路同行！