常见英文用法错误

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基本文法说明　　damage (损害、损失)当动词的时候通常为被动语法 人/事物 be damaged 表示主词的某部位或某部分被损伤了。而当名词的时候，特别注意 damage 为不可数名词，所以不用加 -s或者冠词。另外「造成损失、伤害」用 do/cause damage。

　　 错误发生情况及修正
　　1) 误用 damage 来指人受伤
　　例 Alan was very lucky and was only slightly damaged in the car accident. (X)
　　Alan was very lucky and was only slightly hurt in the car accident. (O)
　　艾伦很幸运只在这次车祸意外中受了点轻伤。
　　damage 指的是事物的部份或人的部位受到损害损伤，如果是要泛指人在意外中所受的伤害，通常会使用 hurt/injured/wounded 这类的动词来表达。
　　例 The engine was seriously damaged. 引擎损伤严重。
　　例 A lot of people were killed and others were injured in the 921 earthquake.
　　很多人在这次九二一地震中伤亡。
　　2) 误把 damage 当作可数名词使用
　　例 The typhoon caused a lot of damages. (X)
　　The typhoon caused a lot of damage. (O)
　　这次的台风造成了很大的损害。
　　记得 damage 当名词用的时候为不可数名词，既不能加 ?Cs 也不能加冠词。
　　3) 为 damage搭配错误的动词
　　例 The floods made a lot of damage. (X)
　　The flood caused a lot of damage. (O)
　　这场洪水造成了很大的伤害。
　　例 Most of the damage has been produced by the rats. (X)
　　Most of the damage has been done by the rats. (O)
　　大部分的损害都是老鼠造成的。
　　「造成损失、伤害」的适当动词搭配为 do/cause damage 而非 make 或 produce。
　　4) 「对~造成伤害」的特定介系词
　　例 The earthquake caused serious damage of the surrounding buildings. (X)
　　The earthquake caused serious damage to the surrounding buildings. (O)
　　这场地震对周遭的建筑物都造成了严重的损伤。
　　例 The damage that staying up late can do in our health is beyond imagination. (X)
　　The damage that staying up late can do to our health is beyond imagination. (O)
　　熬夜对我们健康所造成的伤害是超乎想象的。
　　记得「对~造成伤害」用的是 cause/do damage to sth。
　　dead 和 died 不同的「死法」
　　a. 基本文法说明
　　dead (死的)是形容词，用来描述一种状态。而 died则是 die (死亡、去世)的过去式/过去分词。

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b. 错误发生情况及修正　　A.误把 dead (死的) 用成「死亡去世」的意思
　　例 My mother is dead when I was still a baby. (X)
　　My mother died when I was still a baby. (O)
　　我母亲在我还是小婴儿的时候就去世了。这边亲人去世死亡已经是个既成的事实而非状态，所以应该用 died 而非dead。以下是两个正确的范例：
　　例 I can’t tell if this cat is dead or alive. 我无法分辨这只猫是死的还是活的。
　　例 Fay Johnson died from a heart attack. 费强森死于心脏病发。
　 「死人」的正确说法
　　例 The purpose of this gathering is to honor the dead people. (X)
　　The purpose of this gathering is to honor the dead. (O)
　　这个聚会的目的是要纪念那些死去的人。
　　当你要表达「死者」或「死去的人」，记得不要用字面的 the dead people 而是要说成 the dead。
　　degree 当「学位」的用法
　　a. 错误发生情况及修正
　 「学士学位」、「硕士学位」的正确说法
　　例 I have a Master degree in English literature. (X)
　　I have a master’s degree in English literature. (O)
　　我有英文文学硕士的学位。
　　记得无论是学士还是硕士学位，英文都要在 bachelor, master后面加上 ‘s，正确的形式为 a master’s degree (硕士学位)/a bachelor’s degree (学士学位)。
　 「在某~领域的学位」的特定介系词
　　例 Maggie is studying for a degree of computer science. (X)
　　Maggie is studying for a degree in computer science. (O)
　　玛吉在攻读计算机科学的学位。
　　a degree in + 特定的领域科目(a degree in law) 或者 a特定的领域科目degree (a law degree) 都是正确的说法。
　 「攻读」「取得」学位的特定动词
　　例 May has come to France to obtain a Master’s degree in art. (X)
　　May has come to France to do a master’s degree in art. (O)
　　梅去法国攻读艺术硕士的学位。
　　do/take/get a degree去「攻读、取得」某种学位--注意不要随便使用其它动词。
　　despite 和 in spite of 的用法
　　a. 基本文法说明
　　despite 或是 in spite of 虽然都有「尽管、虽然」的转折意思，但因为它们的词性为介系词而非 although 一般的连接词，所以不能用来连接两个句子。
　　b. 错误发生情况及修正
　　1) 把 despite/in spite of 当成连接词来用
　　例 Despite I enjoyed my stay in the UK, I was still glad to come home. (X)
　　Although I enjoyed my stay in the UK, I was still glad to come home. (O)
　　虽然在中文的翻译上 despite / in spite of 和 although 的意思接近，但是因为词性不同，注意在连接句子的时候要用 although。
　　2) 误把 despite 也加上 of
　　例 Despite of the cold weather, she still wears short sleeves. (X)
　　Despite the cold weather, she still wears short sleeves. (O)

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In spite of the cold weather, she still wears short sleeves. (O)　　尽管天气冷，她还是穿短袖。
　　记得 despite 是不用加上 of 的，只有 in spite of 这个介系词词组。
　　3) although 之后又加上另一个不必要的连接词 but
　　例 Although Maria was tired, but she still went on working. (X)
　　Although Maria was tired, she still went on working. (O)
　　Maria was tired, but she still went on working. (O)
　　although (虽然)和 but (但是)都是连接词，而英文连接两个句子只需要一个连接词意义便会成立，所以当在前面使用 although 的时候，后面的句子就不用加 but。反之，当后面使用 but 的时候，前面的句子自然也不用再出现 although。</P