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笔记

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发表于 2012-6-15 12:03:17 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
倒装:倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。

谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。

谓语中的一部分通常是指:1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。

全部倒装的五条原则:

1. There be句型(表示有);

2. 以There或now开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为come或go;

There you go again. 你又去那里了。

3. 以Here开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。

4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子;

在2、3、4前提下,如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。

5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。

部分倒装的六条原则:

1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定,这个句子用部分倒装;

nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒装;

2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句,可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置,构成部分倒装;

3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句,从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;

  系动词后面的部分就是表语,形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。

  例如:She is beautiful.   They are students.

  四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。

26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

A Being published   B Published   C Publishing   D To be published

当题干是as引导一个从句,且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管,空格处要填的就是表语。

being published 正在被出版; to be published 将要被出版。

此句恢复正常语序应为: As it was published at such a time …

4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;

  常见的一些表示否定含义的单词:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;

  seldom 难得,不常;nowhere 哪里都不。

常见的一些表示否定含义的短语:in no way 决不; on no account 决不;

under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。

5. only + 状语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装)

43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.

A permitted are freshmen   B freshmen are permitted

C are freshmen permitted   D are permitted freshmen

  freshmen 新生; make up for 弥补,补偿; make-up tests 补考(缓考)。

6. 注意两个表达形式:come what may 无论发生什么情况; say what you will 畅所欲言。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

强调句式的补充内容:被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。

60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.

A why it does   B what it does   C what it is   D why it is

  prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。

  强调部分本为: it is what that prevents so many …

  又因为句中有疑问词,应写为: what is it that prevents so ...

  但强调句式在句中作宾语成分,故正确写法为: what it is that …

50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.

A more than to go   B than going   C more than going   D rather than to go

  than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配,不会单独出现; rather than + 动词原形;

  平行结构,遇到平行结构时应做的两步:

1 找出连接词,2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。

51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.

A to be invited   B to have invited   C having invited   D being invited

appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形,不能加句子)。

41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.

A you to keep   B your keeping   C that you keep   D that you will keep

your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。

52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.

A regard   B counting   C account   D observation

  take sth. into account 考虑。

54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.

A take away   B take over   C take up [占据]   D take in

55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.

A got off   B got across   C got away   D got over

got over it 克服战胜。

56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.

A rate   B speed   C pace   D growth

pace 节奏; rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。


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