笔记

朱博文

关于逗号的一些知识

原则：逗号没有能力连接两个单独的句子。

如何区分短语与句子？一个结构如果有完整的谓语部分就是句子。

何为完整的谓语部分？如果能判断出一个结构的时态就可以称这个结构为完整的谓语部分。

在什么样的情况下一个逗号可以将句子分成两部分，而这两部分都有完整的谓语呢？

1 两个句子中间有连接词连接；

2 这两个句子是主从句关系（主从句之间一定要有句子引导词来引导）。

10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer. [declined v. 婉言谢绝]

A not being finished   B not having finished

C had not been finished   D was not finished

42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising. [survey 调查]

A as results   B which results   C the results of it   D the results of which

51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train. [having been canceled这里是独立主格作原因状语]

A had been canceled   B have been canceled

C were canceled   D having been canceled

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46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. [variable n. 变项，变量；model vt. 建模]

A Even if   B As far as   C If only   D So long as

even if 即使，即便； so long as （后面加句子时）只要。

47. My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.

A would leave   B will have left   C has left   D had left

将来完成时：will have + 动词过去分词。

49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.

A stung   B stuck   C bitten   D scratched

sting v. （蜜蜂）叮，蛰； bite v. （蚊子等）咬； scratch vt. 抓伤，划破（通常指猫抓人）。

once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.

A in no way   B in vain   C without effect   D at a loss

in vain 徒劳，白费工夫； But很少与介词without联用； at a loss 不知所措。

52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

A By   B On   C At   D For

on后面加动词ing形式表示“在…之后”这个时间概念。

54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.

A should have done   B would have done   C may have done   D must have done

should have + 动词过去分词，表示本应该做； may have + 动词过去分词，表示可能做过；

与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句谓语动词的表达形式可能用到：would have + 动词过去分词。

must have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行肯定推测。表示一定做过；

can't have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行否定推测，表示不可能做过。

56. This crop does not do well in soils[各种土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.

A outside   B other than   C beyond   D rather than

outside prep. 在…外边； rather than 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者）。

beyond prep. 超出…的范围； beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的梦想。

other than 不同于，而非，当它与否定词no或not出现在同一个句子中时表示“除…之外”。

66. In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A other than   B more than   C better than   D rather than

63. My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.

A mood   B emotion   C attitude   D feeling

be in no mood to do/doing sth. 没有情绪（心情）做什么事情。

67. I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_. [in a moment 马上，立即（它作为时间状语时一定与将来时态搭配）= in an instant.]

A for a moment   B in a moment   C for the moment   D at the moment

68. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent. [trumpet 小号]

A than   B more than   C as   D so much as