英语四级六级语法冲刺：倒装

李佳睿

完全倒装: 又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

例如：

Here comes the bus!

部分倒装: 指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。部分倒装的情况比较多，这里介绍两个在翻译中经常使用的部分倒装用法：

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1:

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

2. not, not until… ，hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also) , neither… nor等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首, 句子用部分倒装。

例子:

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

我刚到家就下起了雨。

Seldom do I go to work by bus.

我很少乘公共汽车上班。

Neither Peter wanted the responsibility, nor did his wife.

Peter不想承担责任，他妻子也不想。

真题示例：

例1：

The manager never laughed；neither __________(她也从来没有发过脾气).

①易错按汉语意思译为：she never lose her temper

②易错原因：不熟悉neither已经表达了没有的意思，不知道neither应跟一个倒装句

此题答案为：did she lose her temper

例2：

The witness was told that under no circumstances __________(他都不应该对法庭说谎).

分析：under no circumstances中否定词no放句首，谓语必须部分倒装

tell lie：撒谎 法庭：court

should he lie to the court / tell lies to the court

实战演练：

1. If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday,  __________.

A. so do I                   B. so will I                         C. nor do I                   D. nor will I

2. By no means __________ to our plan for the trip.

A. will she agree    B. she will agree      C. agrees she                D. will agree she

3. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. __________, she must have made the party more exciting.

A. If she came             B. Would she come   C. Had she come   D. Did she come

4. I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven. __________ that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.

A. Then did I know            B. Only then I knew  

C. Only then did I know      D. Only then knew I

5. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV, but __________.

A. a little did he hear   B. little did he hear   C. little heard he   D. a little heard he

6. During the war, __________ but also he lost his wife and his child.

A. not was his job in the lab taken away         B. not only was his job in the lab taken away

C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away  D. not just was taken away his job in the lab

7. I think this is the first time that we have met. __________ anywhere.

A. Before have we never seen each other   B. Never before we have seen each other

C. Each other have we seen never before    D. Never before have we seen each other

8. __________ these ancient buildings in this city are!

A. What perfectly protected   B. How perfect protected

C. How perfectly protected   D. What perfect protected

9.We have been on duty for four hours and __________.

A. now comes your turn  B. now does your turn come

C. now your turn comes   D. comes now your turn

10. __________ when we passed by its nest.

A. Up into the blue sky did the bird fly      B. Up into the blue sky the bird flew

C. Up into the blue sky flew the bird         D. Flew up into the blue sky the bird

答案及解析：

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5.B 6.B7.D 8.C .9.A 10.C

1. nor will I＝I will not go to his birthday party next Friday, either. if 引导说明将来情况的条件状语从句，主句的时态应该是将来时态。

2. 表示否定意义的介词短语在句中作状语置于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。这样的介词短语有：by no means, at no time, in no way, not in the least等。

3. Had she come＝If she had come。if引导虚拟语气条件状语从句，在口语中或非正式场合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒装。

4. only修饰句子的状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。

5. 具有否定意义的副词如：little, seldom, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely等位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。

6. not only...but also连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，该分句主谓部分倒装。

7. 否定副词never before提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。

8. 句子中perfectly protected相当于形容词作表语，因此感叹词用how。

9. 时间副词now／then置于句首，其谓语又是come, go, begin等，这时应该用全部倒装语序。

10. 表示方位的副词及介词短语置于句首，名词作句子的主语时，句子的主谓用全部倒装。