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短语动词

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发表于 2014-4-24 08:30:01 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
短语动词
动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。
1)动词 + 介词 这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:
The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。
Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗? Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!
We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。 这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。
2) 动词+副词 这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如: I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)
Look out,there's a car coming! 当心,来汽车了!(不及物)
Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物) Please don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)
这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如 put out (扑灭), eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。
[注一] "动词+副词"这类短语动词和上面第一类"动词 + 介词"的不同之处在于:"动词+ 介词"用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。"动词 + 副词"则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:
Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。
If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。
She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。
[注二] 这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如: He took off his hat when he entered the office. 他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)
The plane took off at seven sharp.

 楼主| 发表于 2014-4-24 08:30:32 | 显示全部楼层
飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)
Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting. 查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)
If you can't come,please ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)
3) 动词 + 副词 + 介词 短语动词"动词 + 副词"之后有的可以再加一个介词,形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如:
Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment 不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续) He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)
这类短语动词还有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。
4)动词 + 名词 + 介词 这类短语动词也是及物的。如
He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。
Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。
Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。
Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。
这一类短语动词还有:put an end to (结束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lose sight of(看不见),make use of(利用)等
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