盘点：全球十大最美大学校园

何航

Forbes asked a panel of architects and campus designers to nominate their picks for the best-looking campuses in the world. These are their top choices.

《福布斯》杂志曾邀请一组建筑师和校园设计师评选出世界上最美丽的大学校园。以下这些国内外大学便是他们的心水之选。

Kenyon College

凯尼恩学院

Gambier, Ohio, US

位于美国俄亥俄州甘比尔

Mike Evans, a principal at Norfolk, Va., design firm Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas + Company, says to be beautiful a campus must have a "signature campus space as a carrier of the campus brand". At Kenyon College, that space is "Middle Path", a 10-foot-wide footpath that serves as the Gothic hilltop campus’ central artery. More than just a trail, it’s a village green for the tight-knit campus community. Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky, who teaches 17th-century poetry at Kenyon, says the college, both isolated and pastoral, is "a small place to think big thoughts".

弗吉尼亚州诺福克Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas +建筑设计事务所主管迈克•埃文斯表示，一所美丽的校园必须具备一个“标志性校园场地来作为校园品牌的载体”，这才能担得起“最美校园”的名头。在凯尼恩学院，这个地方便是一条十英尺宽、名为“中间道路”的人行道，它是这所坐落于山顶的哥特式校园的主干道。这不仅仅是一条小路，在人际关系密切的校园里，它还是一处田园绿地。在凯尼恩学院讲授17世纪诗歌的谢尔盖•洛巴诺夫-罗斯托夫斯基表示，这所与世隔绝的田园式学院，可谓是“琢磨大想法的小地方”。

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Oxford University

牛津大学

Oxford, England

位于英国牛津

Teaching within Oxford’s stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century, and the school is considered a paradigm for all college campuses. With its labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition at every turn. "Its monastic roots and thespectacular quality of its buildings make it an architectural wonderland," says David Mayernik, associate professor at Notre Dame’s School of Architecture.

牛津大学的校史可追溯至11世纪，该校被公认为所有大学校园的典范。四方院、回廊和拱门遍布校园，宛如迷宫，处处散发着典雅迷人的传统气息。“修道院的渊源和气势恢宏的建筑让牛津大学成为了一个建筑圣地。”美国圣母大学建筑学院的副教授大卫•迈耶尼克如此评价道。

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Princeton University

普林斯顿大学

Princeton, N.J., US

位于美国新泽西州普林斯顿城

Princeton’s style is pure Collegiate Gothic; most of it executed in gray stone covered in, yes, ivy. As imposing as these old stone structures are, the campus keeps life on a "human scale" by preserving green spaces and walkability.Sinuous footpaths, archways, plazas – all are designed to inspire spontaneous discussion and learning.

普林斯顿大学的建筑风格是经典学院派哥特式，大多数建筑用的是灰色石材，上面爬满了常春藤。尽管古老的石材建筑给人以庄严肃穆之感，但校园中保留了大量绿地，步行出行也很便捷，十分贴心。。蜿蜒小径，拱门和广场，所有的这些建筑设计都旨在激发学生们的自发讨论和学习欲。

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Scripps College

斯克利普斯学院

Claremont, Calif., US

位于美国加州克莱蒙特市

The total plan of this women’s college, founded in the 1920′s, has always called for artistic connection between buildings and landscape. Together, architect Gordon Kaufmann, in collaboration with landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout, created a distinctively Southern Californian blend of Mission Revival-inspired architecture and landscape, which is lovely, evocative and intact. An expert in deciduous trees, Trout planted rows of liquid amber trees to give the students "a sense of autumn" come fall. He also peppered the campus with tulip trees, sycamores, almond and orange trees, as well as rare shrubs.

这所女子学院自1920年成立以来，一直致力于建筑物和景观的完美融合。建筑师戈登•考夫曼与景观设计师爱德华•亨斯曼-特劳特携手，将文艺复兴风格的建筑与景观相结合，形成了现在颇具南加州风味的景致——动人、有情调味而又与自然浑然一体。特劳特同时还是一位落叶树木专家，他在校园里种植了一排排琥珀色的树木，从而营造出一种“秋意浓”的韵味。此外，他还在校园的各个角落种满了郁金香、悬铃木、杏树、桔子树，以及各式珍稀灌木。

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Stanford University

斯坦福大学

Palo Alto, Calif., US

位于美国加州帕洛阿尔托

New additions like the Science and Engineering Quad manage to gracefully blend modern and technological elements with the timeless, elegant aesthetics of the campus’ early California Mission Revival architecture. The campus also scores big points for its dramatic entrance via Palm Drive, its romantic Spanish red-tile roofs and myriad patches of green.

在理工教学区内，新建筑群将现代科技元素与经久典雅的早期加州教会复兴风格的老式建筑群完美地结合起来，相得益彰。惹人注目的棕榈大道、唯美浪漫的西班牙式红瓦屋顶，以及校园里遍布的绿地，也为斯坦福校园增添了不少光彩。

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Trinity College

三一学院

Dublin, Ireland

位于爱尔兰都柏林市

The most celebrated structure on the campus, which was founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1592, is the Old Library. Some have called the library’s main chamber, known as the Long Room, a "cathedral of the book" because of its timbered barrel-vaulted ceiling and shelving that resembles side chapels of an old baroque church. The Long Room is also where the famous Book of Kells (an illuminated holy manuscript circa 800) is kept under lock and key.

该校是英国女王伊丽莎白一世于1592年下令兴建的，校内最著名的建筑物是老图书馆。有人将这座图书馆的大厅，也就是众所周知的长屋，叫做“书籍的教堂”，这是因为其木制拱顶与巴洛克风格老教堂的附属礼拜堂非常相似。长屋也是著名的《凯尔经》的珍藏之地，这部书籍撰写于公元800年，是有华丽文字装饰的手抄本新约圣经。

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Tsinghua University

清华大学

Beijing, China

位于中国北京市

Forbe’s panel of architects says natural setting plays a big part in assessing a campus’ beauty. In that regard, this campus is blessed: Founded in 1925, Tsinghua sits on the former site of the Qing Dynasty’s royal gardens. Many of Beijing’s most notable historical sites, like the Summer Palace, are close by. The campus is peppered with artificial ponds where stone benches and floating lotus blossoms inspire reflection.

《福布斯》的建筑师评定小组一致认为，自然景观在这次校园“选美”中占有很大的比重。在这方面，水木清华园可谓是得天独厚。始建于1925年的清华大学在几处清朝皇家园林旧址上修建而成。该校四周坐落着许多著名的京城名胜(如颐和园，圆明园)。校园内点缀着巧夺天工的人工湖。湖边的石凳，水面上摇曳的荷花，都让人心旷神怡，浮想联翩。

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United States Air Force Academy

美国空军学院

Colorado Springs, Colo., US

位于美国科罗拉多州斯普林斯

Kevin Lippert, publisher of the Princeton Architectural Press, picked this campus because it is "a masterpiece of mid-20th-century American Modernism, rather than something in the traditional Collegiate Gothic or Oxford style". He adds: "Many of the buildings are clad in aluminum, suggesting the skin of airplanes, and the Cadet’s Chapel there is often called one of the most beautiful buildings in America, collegiate or otherwise".

普林斯顿建筑出版社的出版商凯文•利珀特选择了美国空军学院。理由很简单，因为它是“20世纪中期美国现代主义建筑的伟大作品，与传统的学院哥特式或牛津风格毫无关联。”他还补充说道：“很多建筑的外层都覆有一层铝合金材质，以暗示飞机机身，尤其是它的地标性建筑，军校生礼拜堂，无论是在大学建筑还是其他建筑中都可谓是全美最美丽的建筑之一。”

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University of Bologna

博洛尼亚大学

Bologna, Italy

位于意大利博洛尼亚

Arguably the oldest university in the Western world, the University of Bologna’s actual "campus" is the city of Bologna itself, says David Meyerick, who teaches at Notre Dame’s School of Architecture. "What the university lacks in personal identity, it makes up for in being inextricably tied to its environment," says Meyerick.

勿庸质疑，这里是西方世界最古老的一所大学。实际上，博洛尼亚大学的校园就是博洛尼亚市本身。任教于美国圣母大学建筑学院的大卫•迈耶尼克教授在谈到博洛尼亚大学时表示：“就个性化而言，这个学校稍有欠缺，不过，它与外部环境的浑然一体弥补了这方面的缺憾。”

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University of California, Santa Cruz

加州大学圣克鲁兹分校

Santa Cruz, Calif., US

位于美国加州圣克鲁兹

Housed on a former ranch perched above the Pacific, the UCSC campus offers open meadows, redwood forests and panoramic ocean views. Architect Natalie Shivers says the California campus’ buildings and "circulation networks" for both cars and pedestrians "are carefully designed and tucked into the natural landscape" to preserve both the environment and the vistas. It’s no wonder students like to study outdoors and that the campus has created 100 points of wireless access throughout the grounds.

加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的前身是一座面朝太平洋的美丽牧场。该校拥有开阔的草地，红杉林以及无敌海景。建筑设计师娜塔莉•夏弗斯表示，为了保护环境和自然景观，校园内的建筑以及服务行人车辆的交通网络，都经过精心设计，与自然景观融为一体。难怪这里的学生都爱上了户外学习，校方甚至安装了100个无线网络接入点，遍布校园各个角落。