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考研英语语法重难点精解(28):虚拟语气(1.2)

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发表于 2012-5-16 19:40:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
五、wish引导的虚拟语气从句
  if only...和would that...均可用I wish来代替,前面两者多出现在文学体裁中,而wish 多用于口语和日常用语中,wish引导的宾语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,可译为“但愿……”,“要是……该多好啊”,“真希望……”等,从句中谓语动词形式如下。
  从句(例词do) 用法 动词用过去式did或were表示现在未实现的愿望 动词用过去完成时had done 表示过去未实现的愿望 动词用would/could/might do 表示将来不大可能实现的愿望 例句: The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me if only she could remember who last borrowed it. (1996年第3题)
  分析: 该句是复合句。
  译文: 图书借还台的高级图书管理员答应借我那本书,她要是记得上一次谁借了那本书就好了。
  例句: I wish I had slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
  分析: 该句是复合句,I had slept longer this morning表示与过去事实相反假设。
  译文: 要是今早能多睡一会儿该多好啊,但我不得不早起来上课。

  六、个别特殊短语
  would rather, had rather, had better, would (just) as soon, would sooner均作“但愿,宁愿”讲时:
  (一)后接动词原形,表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择
  例句: 1 would rather go there with you, because you are the only person that I have been acquainted with.
  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that I have been acquainted with修饰the only person。
  译文: 我宁愿和你一起去那儿,因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。
  (二)后接从句,从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,动词用过去
  完成时表示过去的愿望
  例句: I?d rather he stayed there, because weather is said to be somewhat worse according to the news.
  分析: 该句是复合句,weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。
  译文: 我希望他待在那儿,因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。
  例句: I?d rather you had not been so rude to her, she was a new comer after all.
  分析: 该句是复合句,其中after all意为“究竟,毕竟”,you had not been so rude to her表示与过去事实相反假设。
  译文: 真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁,毕竟她是新来的。

  七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
  表示“仿佛,好像”时也用虚拟式,从句中动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在相反假设;动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设;动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。
  例句: The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune system—the self protecting mechanism against disease—had crashed.
  分析: 该句是复合句,as if their immune system had crashed是方式状语从句,两个破折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。
  译文: 老鼠感染血液病毒后,似乎它们的免疫系统——即抵御疾病的自我保护机制——被彻底摧毁了。
  例句: But it?s not as if earlier times didn?t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. (选自2006年Text 4)
  分析: 该句是复合句,as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。
  译文: 但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。
  另外,as if(as though)后面的从句也可用陈述语气,尤其在it looks/seems as if(as though)结构中。
  例句: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.
  分析: 该句是复合句,as if引导一个表语从句,表示客观情况。
  译文: 太阳在东方升起西边落下,好像是地球围着太阳转。

  ——选自《考研英语语法重难点精解(2013)中国人民大学出版社
  第二章 句子 
  第八节 虚拟语气
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